Conversion, Apostasy, and the Nature of Jewish Identity. I. Introduction: The Giyyur Ritual ומודיעין אותו עון לקט שכחה ופאה ומעשר עני.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Conversion, Apostasy, and the Nature of Jewish Identity. I. Introduction: The Giyyur Ritual ומודיעין אותו עון לקט שכחה ופאה ומעשר עני."

Transcription

1 I. Introduction: The Giyyur Ritual 1. Talmud Bavli, Yevamot 47a-47b Our Rabbis taught: If a prospective proselyte comes to undergo giyyur in the present era, we say to him: What did you see that made you come to seek conversion? Do you not know that nowadays the Jewish people are afflicted, oppressed, downtrodden and harassed and that hardships come upon them? If he responds: I know, and I am unworthy, we accept him immediately. And we inform him of some minor commandments and some major commandments. And we inform him of the sin [ the neglect of the commandments] of Gleanings, of the Forgotten Sheaf, of the Corner, and of the Poor Man s Tithe. And we inform him of the punishment for the transgression of the commandments. We say to him: Be aware, that before you reached this situation, if you ate suet you were not punishable by Karet ; if you profaned the Sabbath, you were not punishable by stoning; but now, if you eat suet, you will be punished by Karet, and if you profane the Sabbath, you will be punished by stoning. Just as we inform him of the punishments for the commandments, we inform him of the rewards [of observance]. We say to him: Know, that the world to come is not made except for the righteous. And, in the present era the Jewish people cannot receive an abundance of good or an abundance of calamity. We do not overwhelm him, nor are we strict with him. Once he accepts (ki bel) we circumcise him immediately.once he has healed, we immerse him immediately. And two rabbinic scholars stand over him, and inform him of some minor commandments and some major commandments. Once he has immersed and comes up, he is like a jew in every respect. In the case of a woman, women seat her in water up to her neck, and two rabbinic scholars stand outside and inform her of some of the minor commandments and some of the major commandments. The same [procedure] applies to a proselyte and to an emancipated slave. 1. תלמוד בבלי מסכת יבמות דף מז.-מז: תנו רבנן: גר שבא להתגייר בזמן הזה, אומרים לו: מה ראית שבאת להתגייר? אי אתה יודע שישראל בזמן הזה דוויים, דחופים, סחופים ומטורפין, ויסורין באין עליהם? אם אומר: יודע אני ואיני כדאי, מקבלין אותו מיד. ומודיעין אותו מקצת מצות קלות ומקצת מצות חמורות, ומודיעין אותו עון לקט שכחה ופאה ומעשר עני. ומודיעין אותו ענשן של מצות, אומרים לו: הוי יודע, שעד שלא באת למדה זו, אכלת חלב אי אתה ענוש כרת, חללת שבת אי אתה ענוש סקילה, ועכשיו, אכלת חלב ענוש כרת, חללת שבת ענוש סקילה. וכשם שמודיעין אותו ענשן של מצות, כך מודיעין אותו מתן שכרן, אומרים לו: הוי יודע, שהעולם הבא אינו עשוי אלא לצדיקים, וישראל בזמן הזה - אינם יכולים לקבל (עמוד ב) לא רוב טובה ולא רוב פורענות. ואין מרבין עליו, ואין מדקדקין עליו. קיבל, מלין אותו מיד... נתרפא, מטבילין אותו מיד; ושני ת"ח עומדים על גביו, ומודיעין אותו מקצת מצות קלות ומקצת מצות חמורות; טבל ועלה - הרי הוא כישראל לכל דבריו. אשה, נשים מושיבות אותה במים עד צוארה, ושני ת"ח עומדים לה מבחוץ, ומודיעין אותה מקצת מצות קלות ומקצת מצות חמורות. אחד גר ואחד עבד משוחרר. II. The Convert s Motivation: Talmudic Sources 2. Talmud Bavli, Yevamot 24b MISHNAH. IF A MAN IS SUSPECTED OF [INTERCOURSE] WITH A SLAVE WHO WAS LATER EMANCIPATED, OR WITH A GENTILE WHO SUBSEQUENTLY BECAME A CONVERT, HE MUST NOT MARRY HER. IF, HOWEVER, HE DID MARRY HER THEY NEED NOT BE PARTED GEMARA. This implies that she is a proper proselyte. A contradiction is raised. Both a man who converted for the sake of a woman and a woman 2. תלמוד בבלי מסכת יבמות דף כד: מתני'. הנטען על השפחה ונשתחררה, או על העובדת כוכבים ונתגיירה - הרי זה לא יכנוס, ואם כנס - אין מוציאין מידו. גמ'. הא גיורת מיהא הויא; ורמינהי: אחד איש שנתגייר לשום אשה, ואחד אשה שנתגיירה לשום איש, וכן מי שנתגייר לשום שולחן מלכים, לשום עבדי שלמה - אינן גרים, דברי ר' נחמיה; שהיה רבי נחמיה אומר: אחד גירי אריות, ואחד גירי 1

2 א( who converted for the sake of a man, and, similarly, a man who converted for the sake of a royal table, or for the sake of joining Solomon s servants, are not [valid] converts. These are the words of R. Nehemiah, for R. Nehemiah used to say: Neither lion proselytes nor dream-proselytes nor the proselytes of Mordecai and Esther are proper proselytes unless they become converted at the present time. Does it literally mean [only] at the present time? Rather say similar to the present time (where Jews are downtrodden). Concerning this it was stated that R. Isaac b. Samuel b. Martha said in the name of Rab: The law is in accordance with the opinion that they are all valid converts. If so, they should have been permitted ab initio! [They were not] on account of [the reason given by] R. Assi. For R. Assi said, Put away from thee a forward mouth, and perverse lips etc. (Prov. 4) Our Rabbis taught: No proselytes will be accepted in the days of the Messiah. In the same manner no proselytes were accepted in the days of David or the days of Solomon. Said R. Eleazar: What Scriptural [support is there for this view]? Behold he shall be a proselyte who is converted for my own sake. He who lives with you shall be settled among you, (Is. 54) Only he who lives with you in your poverty shall be settled among you; but no other. 3. Mesechet Geirim 1:3 Whoever undergoes conversion for the sake of a woman, for love, for fear - is not a proselyte. Rabbi Nehemia and Rabbi Judah both say: 'All those who underwent conversion in the days of Mordecai and Esther are not proselytes, as it is said, "And many of the people of the land were mityahadim', for the fear of the Jews fell upon them" (Est. 8.17). And whoever does not undergo conversion for the sake of Heaven, is not a proselyte.' 4. Talmud Bavli, Menachot 44a Once a man, who was very scrupulous about the precept of tzizit heard of a certain harlot in one of the towns by the sea who accepted four hundred gold [denars] for her hire. He sent her four hundred gold [denars] and appointed a day with her She went up to the top bed and lay down upon it naked. He too went up after to sit naked with her, when all of a sudden the four tzizit struck him across the face; whereupon he fell off and sat upon the ground. She also fell off and sat upon the ground and said, By the Roman Capitol, I will not leave you alone until you tell me what blemish you saw in me. By the Temple he replied, never have I seen a woman as beautiful as you are; but there is one precept which the Lord our God has commanded us, it is called zizith, and with חלומות, ואחד גירי מרדכי ואסתר - אינן גרים, עד שיתגיירו בזמן הזה; בזמן הזה ס"ד? אלא אימא: כבזמן הזה! הא איתמר עלה, א"ר יצחק בר שמואל בר מרתא משמיה דרב: הלכה כדברי האומר כולם גרים הם. אי הכי, לכתחלה נמי! משום דרב אסי, דאמר רב אסי: "הסר ממך עקשות פה ולזות שפתים וגו' (משלי ד'). ת"ר: אין מקבלין גרים לימות המשיח; כיוצא בו לא קבלו גרים לא בימי דוד ולא בימי שלמה. א"ר אליעזר, מאי קרא? "הן גור יגור אפס מאותי מי גר אתך עליך יפול" (ישעיהו נד), אבל אידך לא. 3. מסכת גרים פרק א:ג כל המתגייר לשום אשה, לשום אהבה, לשום יראה, אינו גר. וכן היו רבי יהודה ורבי נחמיה אומרים כל אותם שנתגיירו בימי מרדכי ואסתר אינם גרים, שנאמר "ו ר בּ ים מ ע מּ י ה אָר ץ מ ת י ה ד ים כּ י נ פ ל פּ ח ד ה יּ הוּד ים ע ל יה ם" סתר ח:יז) וכל שאינו מתגייר לשם שמים אינו גר. 4. תלמוד בבלי מסכת מנחות דף מד. מעשה באדם אחד שהיה זהיר במצות ציצית, שמע שיש זונה בכרכי הים שנוטלת ד' מאות זהובים בשכרה, שיגר לה ארבע מאות זהובים וקבע לה זמן... וישבה על גבי עליונה כשהיא ערומה, ואף הוא עלה לישב ערום כנגדה, באו ד' ציציותיו וטפחו לו על פניו, נשמט וישב לו ע"ג קרקע, ואף היא נשמטה וישבה ע"ג קרקע. אמרה לו: גפה של רומי, שאיני מניחתך עד שתאמר לי מה מום ראית בי. אמר לה: העבודה, שלא ראיתי אשה יפה כמותך, אלא מצוה אחת ציונו ה' אלהינו וציצית שמה, וכתיב בה "אני ה' אלהיכם" (במדבר ט"ו) שתי פעמים, אני הוא שעתיד ליפרע ואני הוא שעתיד לשלם שכר, עכשיו נדמו 2

3 regard to it the expression I am the Lord your God is twice written, signifying, I am He who will exact punishment in the future, and I am He who will give reward in the future. Now they appeared to me as four witnesses [ against me]. She said, I will not leave you until you tell me your name, the name of your town, the name of your teacher, the name of your school in which you study the Torah. He wrote all this down and handed it to her. Thereupon she arose and divided her estate She then came to the Beth Hamidrash of R. Hiyya, and said to him, Master, give instructions about me that they make me a proselyte. My daughter, he replied; per haps you have set your eyes on one of the disciples? She thereupon took out the paper and handed it to him. He said to her Go enjoy your acquisition. עלי כד' עדים. אמרה לו: איני מניחך עד שתאמר לי מה שמך ומה שם עירך ומה שם רבך ומה שם מדרשך שאתה למד בו תורה, כתב ונתן בידה. עמדה וחילקה כל נכסיה... ובאת לבית מדרשו של ר' חייא. אמרה לו: רבי, צוה עלי ויעשוני גיורת, אמר לה: בתי, שמא עיניך נתת באחד מן התלמידים? הוציאה כתב מידה ונתנה לו, אמר לה: לכי זכי במקחך III. The Convert s Motivations: Medieval Views 5. Tur, Yoreh Deah 268 Jacob b. Asher ( ) Germany & Spain A man who underwent conversion for the sake of a woman, as well as a woman who did so for the sake of a man and someone who underwent conversion for the sake of a royal table, as well as lion proselytes and dream proselytes all are proselytes. 5. טור יורה דעה סימן רסח איש שנתגייר לשם אשה ואחד אשה שנתגיירה לשם איש ושנתגייר לשם שלחן מלכים ואחד גרי אריות וחלומות כולם גרים. 6. Mishneh Torah, Laws of Forbidden Relations Ch. 13 Moses b. Maimon ( ) Spain & Egypt 14. The proper procedure, when a man or a woman comes forth with the intention of becoming a proselyte, is to investigate: perchance he comes to enter the religion in order to gain money, or to qua1ify for a position of authority In the case of a man, they check if, perchance, he has cast his eyes upon an Israelite woman. In the case of a woman, they check if she has cast her eyes upon one of the youths of Israel...If no such motive is found in them If they accept and do not withdraw, and it is evident that they come out of love, they should be accepted. 17. A proselyte whose motives were not investigated but was circumcised and immersed in the presence of three laymen, is a proselyte. Even if it becomes known that he became a proselyte for some ulterior motive, he has exited from the Gentile collective, because he was circumcised and immersed. However, he should be regarded with reservation until his righteousness becomes apparent. Even if he once again worships idols, he is as an apostate Israelite, whose betrothal is valid. And we are commanded to return his lost property to him. Because he immersed, he is an Israelite 6. רמב"ם הלכות איסורי ביאה פרק יג הלכה יד המצוה הנכונה כשיבא הגר או הגיורת להתגייר בודקין אחריו שמא בגלל ממון שיטול או בשביל שררה שיזכה לה... ואם איש הוא בודקין אחריו שמא עיניו נתן באשה יהודית, ואם אשה היא בודקין שמא עיניה נתנה בבחור מבחורי ישראל, אם לא נמצא להם עילה... אם קבלו ולא פירשו וראו אותן שחזרו מאהבה מקבלים אותן... הלכה יז גר שלא בדקו אחריו... ומל וטבל בפני ג' הדיוטות ה"ז גר, אפילו נודע שבשביל דבר הוא מתגייר הואיל ומל וטבל יצא מכלל העכו"ם וחוששין לו עד שיתבאר צדקותו, ואפילו חזר ועבד כו"ם הרי הוא כישראל מומר שקידושיו קידושין, ומצוה להחזיר אבידתו מאחר שטבל נעשה כישראל... 3

4 7. Tosafot, Yevamot 24b Not in the days of David or Solomon: It is difficult for it states in Perek Ha arel (id. 79a) concerning the incident with the Givonim that in the days of David 150,000 converts joined the Jewish people. One could answer that they converted of their own volition as we found with Mordechai and Esther. It is further difficult from the individual who asked Hillel to convert him on the condition that he be made High Priest. In that situation, Hillel knew that he would ultimately act for the sake of heaven. This is similar to the lady who came in front of Rebi and asked to convert so that she could marry his student. 8. Ha gaot Mordechai, Yevamot th Century / France It seems to me that when people come to us for conversion, and we know that they have ulterior motivations, they should not be accepted Tosafot asked from the individual who asked Hillel to convert him so that he could become a High Pries [and responded] that Hillel knew the convert would ultimately act for the sake of Heaven. It is clear [from Tosafot] that the Torah requires that there will be certainty that the convert will ultimately act for the sake of heaven.and although the Talmudic ruling (Yevamot 24b) is they are all proselytes what the Talmud means by this is that only later on, when we see that the proselytes ways are upright, [do we declare them to be Jewish] even though originally their intention was for marriage This interpretation seems to me more plausible than [assume] that the Amora might rule against Rabbi Nebemia in the Baraita, and against the Baraita cited with regard to the times of David and Solomon, which no Tanna disputed I have written what seemed right to me, but I have not learned this from my teachers. And you should not rely on my personal understanding. 9. Shulkhan Aruch, Yoreh Deah 268:12 Joseph Caro ( ) Spain & Israel When a person comes forth with the intention of becoming a proselyte, they should investigate: perchance he comes to enter the religion in order to gain money In the case of a man, they check if, perchance he has cast his eyes upon an Israelite woman... If no such motive is found in them they should be accepted. If his motives were not investigated but was circumcised and immersed in the presence of three laymen, his conversion is valid even if it becomes known that he became a proselyte for some ulterior motive, he has exited from the 7. תוספות מסכת יבמות דף כד: לא בימי דוד ולא בימי שלמה -...אבל קשה דאמרינן בהערל (לקמן דף עט. ושם) גבי מעשה דגבעונים דבימי דוד נתוספו גרים על ישראל ק"ן אלף וי"ל דמעצמן נתגיירו כדאשכחן גבי מרדכי ואסתר ורבים מעמי הארץ מתיהדים... דפ"ב דשבת (דף לא.) ההוא דאתא לקמיה דהלל ואמר גיירני ע"מ לעשות כ"ג בטוח היה הלל דסופו לעשות לשם שמים וכן ההיא דהתכלת (מנחות מד.) דאתיא לקמיה דרבי גיירני ע"מ שאנשא לאותו תלמיד. 8. הגהות מרדכי יבמות ס' קי נראה לי דמי שבא לפנינו להתגייר וידוע לנו שבשביל תועלת דבר הם עושים אין לקבלם...והקשו תוספות... ההוא דאתא לקמיה דהלל ואמר גיירני על מנת שאהיה כוהן גדול בטוח היה שסופו לעשות לשם שמים...עכ"ל אלמא להדיא מן התורה שצריך להיות בטוח שסופו יהיה לשם שמים ואע"ג דפסק לשם הלכה כולם גרים גמורים (יבמות כד:) י"ל לאחרי כן כשאנו רואים שמישרים דרכיהם אע"פ שמתחלה עושים לשם אישות...ויותר נראה לי מלומר שהאמורא יפסוק דלא כברייתא דרבי נחמיה... ומה שנראה לי כתבתי ומרבותי לא נראה לי מדה זו ועל בינתי אין להשען 9. שולחן ערוך יורה דעה סימן רסח:יב כשיבא הגר להתגייר, בודקים אחריו שמא בגלל ממון שיטול... ואם איש הוא, בודקין אחריו שמא עיניו נתן באשה יהודית... ואם לא נמצאת להם עילה...מקבלים אותם. ואם לא בדקו אחריו... ומל וטבל בפני ג' הדיוטות, ה"ז גר אפי' נודע שבשביל דבר הוא מתגייר, הואיל ומל וטבל יצא מכלל העובדי כוכבים, וחוששים לו עד שתתברר צדקתו ואפילו חזר ועבד עבודת כוכבים, הרי הוא כישראל מומר שקדושיו קדושין. 4

5 Gentile collective, because he was circumcised and immersed. However, he should be regarded with reservation until his righteousness becomes apparent. Even if he once again worships idols, he is as an apostate Israelite, whose betrothal is valid. IV. The Convert s Motivations: Modern Views 10. Responsa Mi lamed Li hoil 2:83 R. David Tzvi Hoffman ( ) Germany The question is apparent from the answer. It is clear from the Shulkhan Aruch (Y D 268:12) that we do not accept converts who do so motivated by marriage The Beit Yosef writes that ultimately, discretion is given to the court in deciding when to accept converts. If the court is certain that the convert is converting for the sake of heaven even if the convert is also motivated by marriage, it is permitted to accept the convert. In our case, where the Jewess already had a civil marriage, and she is pregnant from him it is clear that they will remain married even if he doesn t convert. If so, there is a strong presumption that he is converting for the sake of heaven. If we do not accept him, she will remained married to him thereby transgressing a biblical (de-oraita) prohibition, as a Jewess is forbidden to a Gentile by the Bible. Hence, it is better for us to accept him than for her to remain in a forbidden marriage. Now, if the objection should be raised: We do not tell a person: Sin so that your fellow may gain why should the court infringe the law and accept for conversion a Gentile who is not motivated for the sake of Heaven in order to save the woman from a greater transgression whereby her whole life is in sin? Why, it is she who initiated the sin! The answer to this is: First, although she began to sin in free will, by abandoning herself to a Gentile, nevertheless now she is in a state of coercion, because she is pregnant by him and cannot stand the shame of not marrying him. And she is afraid that no one will ever marry her in the future, and she will have to remain single for the rest of her life...furthermore, if she remains married to the gentile, her children, although legally completely Jewish, will be drawn after the gentile ways of their father and sin, and these sheep how did they err? Therefore, it is better that the court do a minor sin and accept the convert and familiarize him with Judaism, so that the children will be saved 10. שו"ת מלמד להועיל חלק ב:פג השאלה מבוארת מתוך התשובה. מבואר בש"ע י"ד סי' רס"ח סעיף י"ב דאין מקבלין גר שבא להתגייר בשביל שנתן עיניו באשה יהודית...וכ' ב"י והובא בש"ך ס"ק כ"ג דמכאן יש ללמוד דהכל לפי ראות עיני הב"ד. והנה אם ברור בעיני הב"ד שעושה לשם שמים אף דנתן עיניו גם באשה יהודית יש להתיר לקבלו. והנה בנ"ד דכבר נשא היהודית בדיניהם והיא כבר הפקירה עצמה לו ומעוברת ממנו דבר ברור שתנשא לו אף שלא יתגייר, א"כ רגלים לדבר דעושה לשם שמים. ועוד דאם לא נקבלנו תנשא לו באיסור דאורייתא דיהודית לגוי אסורה מדאורייתא וא"כ טוב שנקבלנו משתנשא לו באיסור. ואי קשיא הא אין אומרין לו לאדם חטא בשביל שיזכה חברך, ואיך יעשה ב"ד האיסור שיקבלו גר שלא נתגייר לש"ש כדי להציל את האשה מאיסור גדול מזה שכל ימיה באיסור הא היא פשעה בדבר, ע"ז י"ל חדא דאע"ג דתחילתה בפשיעה דהפקירה עצמה לנכרי מ"מ סופה כאונס דכיון דהיא מעוברת ממנו אינה יכולה לסבול בושתה שלא להנשא לו, ומתיראת ששום איש לא ישאנה מעתה ותצטרך לישב גלמודה כל ימיה... ועוד דאם תנשא לגוי גם זרעה שמצד הדין הם יהודים גמורים יהיו נמשכים אחר אביהם לגיותו, ויהיו פושעים, ואלה הצאן מה חטאו, וע"כ טוב שיעשו ב"ד איסורא זוטא לקבל את הגר ולהרגילו בדת יהודית שיצא ממנו זרעא מעליא... 5

6 11. Responsa Azriel Hildesheimer 1, Y D 129 R. Zvi Hirsch Kalischer ( ) Germany I should further point out that when the father is Jewish, there is a greater obligation to prepare him for conversion than with a pure gentile. Halakhically, the child is considered her descendant [ a Gentile]. Nevertheless, we find that he is called holy seed. Because when Ezra admonished the Israelites who had married Gentile women, after saying that they had taken Gentile wives for themselves and for their sons, he said: the holy seed have mingled themselves with the peoples of those lands (Ezra 9.2). Hence, if it is possible to rescue wasted seed from the impurity, to release a captive from prison, and to return it to the holiness, we rejoice in our share... And we also find that Abraham, of blessed memory, married Sara s bondwoman; According to the law, her son is like her and thus a slave, but God nevertheless said, he is thy seed. (Gen ) In our case it will not only be a merit for the son but it is a great merit for the father, for when the sinner decides to return (which occurs frequently, especially when the Gentile wife passes away) how can he fully return if he sired gentile children. This is a tragedy that cannot be corrected. But if we circumcise his sons, then it will be easier for the father to return and we can accept him with open arms. Even if he does not return, God forbid the man has good intentions in desiring that his children be Jewish and these children, there is the possibility that leaders of Israel will come from them, for does not the rose emerge from among the thorns? 12. Responsa Heichal Yitzchak 1:21 R. Isaac Halevi Herzog ( ) Poland / Israel Question: In recent times, there has been an increase in couples who marry gentiles in civil ceremonies, and they come to me because they want to convert and marry them so that they can make aliyah to Israel. In the majority, these gentiles have a singular merit for they saved their spouses from death during the Holocaust They refused to follow the orders of the wicked Nazis [who commanded them] to separate from and divorce their Jewish spouses. In doing so [the gentiles] placed themselves in great danger and were sent to internment camps.until now I have refused to allow these people under the wings of Judaism for their intent is not for the sake of heaven but for the sake of making Aliyah to Israel. I practiced according to the law in Shulkhan Aruch (Y D 268). However, I see the great and awful tragedy that befalls hundreds of families that wish to make Aliyah. On the other hand, my heart trembles when considering accepting responsibility (for converting them).. 11.שו"ת רבי עזריאל הילדסהיימר חלק א - יורה דעה ס רכט ועוד יש לעורר שטבילה כזו אשר אביו ישראל יותר מחוייבין להכין לו דרך הבחירה מאשר יעשה להנולד מנכרי כי הגם שמדינא הולד כמותה לענין יחוס, עכ"ז מצינו כי זרע הקודש יקרא שהרי כשעזרא הוכיח לישראל אשר נשאו נשים נכריות אחר אומרו כי נשאו מבנותיהם להם ולבניהם אמר: והתערבו זרע הקודש בעמי הארצות (עזרא ט' ב') וגלל זה אם יש באפשרות להוציא זרע נשחתה מהטומאה ולהוציא ממסגר אסיר ולהחזירה אל הקודש מה טוב ומה נעים חלקינו... וכן מצינו באברהם ע"ה שנשא שפחת שרה אשר לפי הדין הולד כמותה והוא עבד, ועכ"ז אמר ית' "כי זרעך הוא"... ובנידון דידן לא בלבד שזכין להבן..., גם לאב זכין מאוד, כי כאשר החוטא ישים אל לבו לשוב (כאשר הוקרה למרבה, בפרט אם אשתו הנכרית מתה) איך יקובל תשובתו אם הוליד בנים לע"ז הלא הוא מעוות לא יכול לתקון כדתנן בחגיגה ט', אך אם עשינו בזה רצונו הטוב למול זכריו אז בנקל ישוב הוא עם בניו ואנחנו פותחין יד לתשובה, ואף במי שלא ישוב ח"ו עכ"פ בזה לבו נכון עמו שרוצה להחזיק בניו בדת יהודית...ובנים כאלו יש אפשרות לפעמים שגדולי ישראל יוצמחו מהם הלא השושנה מבין החוחים תצמיח 12. שו"ת היכל יצחק אבן העזר א סימן כא שאלה: כ"א כסלו, תש"ט. בזמן האחרון מתרבים המקרים שבאים אלי אנשי מדינתנו יהודים הנשואים עם נכריות (וכן להיפך) ע"י ערכאות ומבקשים לגייר אותם ולהשיאם ע"י חו"ק מפני שעומדים לעלות לא"י.עפ"י רוב יש לנכריות (או לנכרים) הללו זכויות מיוחדות שהצילו את בעליהן (או נשותיהם) בזמן השמד ממות ע"י זה שמאנו למלאות פקודות הרשעים הנאצים להפרד ולהתגרש מבעליהן היהודים והביאו עצמן בסכנה גדולה בשביל זה ונשלחו למחנה הסגר... עד עתה סירבתי להכניס את הללו תחת כנפי היהדות מפני שאין כוונתם לש"ש כי אם לשם עליה לא"י ונהגתי כפי הדין בשו"ע (סימן י"א) הנטען על העכו"ם וכו'. אבל רואה אני את גודל הטרגדיא הנוראה של מאות משפחות הרוצות לעלות ארצה ומצד שני לבי נוקפי לקבל עלי האחריות. לכן אני פונה 6

7 Therefore, I turn to the Chief Rabbi to guide me in this matter Answer: Regarding your concern that their intent is to make aliyah - it depends on the conditions prevailing in your country. If the case is, that as aliens they will not be able to stay in your country, it is obvious that their motivation is not for the sake of Heaven. But, if they have the option of remaining in the country, and they desire the Land of Israel, then this is, prima facie, intent for the sake of Heaven. For they intend to uproot themselves from their home, and to abandon their source of livelihood, in order to move to another land and have specifically chosen the Land of Israel. It is thus manifest that their intent is to take root in the Jewish people and its land... therefore, this is a fine intent, and there is no reason to deny their acceptance. However, if they do not have the ability to remain in your country, and they are forced to make Aliyah, their intent is flawed 13. Responsa Yad Halevi, Yoreh Deah 145 R. Isaac Dov Halevi Bamberger ( ) Germany The honored rabbi asked about a Jew who married a gentile woman, who became pregnant from him and gave birth to a son. Now he wants to marry the gentile woman after she converts and they are already civilly married It is clear from the Rambam that the correct attitude towards a convert is that when they come to convert we investigate whether they had ulterior motives in converting Any time that we do not have utter confidence [in the purity of their motives] we must be strict out of uncertainty. Even post-facto, we must wait to see what will come of the convert and in the duration, how can we permit marriage with a Jew? Since in our case, it is clear they are living together, how can we even consider allowing the conversion? The argument advanced by the honored rabbi to prove that her motivation for seeking conversion is for the sake of Heaven, on the ground that since they have already contracted civil marriage there is nothing to prevent their cohabitation, is invalid. For it is certain that since he is a Jew, he does not want this [to continue] either for his own sake, or for that of his family. How then can we be confident about their motivation?! Rather, the fact that they contracted civil marriage before turning to the halakhic court strengthens the suspicion that they lack sincere intent. Therefore I am unable to associate myself in any way with this conversion. למעכ"ת בתור הרב הראשי למדינת ישראל להורני הלכה למעשה בענין זה... תשובה: אלא שכאן יש חשש אחר, שהכוונה היא לשם עליה לא"י, אך זה תלוי במצבם במדינתכם, שאם המצב הוא כך, שבתור זרים לא יוכלו להשאר במדינתכם, הרי הכוונה שלא לש"ש גלויה, אבל אם אפשר להם להשאר במדינה, אלא שהם חפיצים בארץ ישראל, הרי זו לכאורה כוונה לשם שמים, שהם עוקרים דירתם ועוזבים פרנסתם לנוע לארץ אחרת, ודווקא לא"י, הרי ניכר שכוונתם להאחז בעם ישראל, ובארצו,...ואז הרי זוהי כוונה טובה, ואין צריך למנוע את קבלתם. אבל אם אין להם אפשרות להשאר שם במדינתכם וההכרח הוא להם לעלות לא"י, הכוונה פוגמת שו"ת יד הלוי יורה דעה ס' קמה מכ"ת שאל אודות ישראלי אחד שהיה לו שייכות עם נערה אינה ישראלית אחת וגם הרתה ממנו וילדה בן, ועתה רוצה לישה אותה אחר שתתגייר והנשואין האזרחיים כבר נגמרו ביניהם...הלכה רווחת ברמב"ם שהמדה הנכונה כשיבא הגר או הגיורת להתגייר בודקין אחריו שמא בגלל ממון שיטול בא להכנס לדת...כל זמן שאין לנו בטחון גמור פשיטא שמספקא יש להחמיר ואפילו בדיעבד צריכין להמתין לראות מה אחריתו, ואיך נתיר אנחנו בינתים הנשואן עם בן ישראל...וכיון שבנדון דידן ודאי בא עליה איך יעלה על הדעת להזדקק לה לגיירה...ומה שעלה על דעת מכ"ת להוכיח שכוונתה לשם שמים דמאחר שכבר נגמרו הנשואין האזרחיים מי יוכל לעכב עליהם לנהוג אישות? זה אינו! דודאי הוא באשר הוא יהודי אינו רוצה בזה או מצד עצמו או מצד משפחתו ומנא לן מזה בטחון על כוונה שלה? וחזוק לחוש על חסרון הכוונה הישרה מצד שניהם הוא, את אשר גמרו הנשואין האזרחים קודם שידעו שיזדקק בית דין כשר להגירות, על כן אין בידי שום היתר להתדקק להגרות הנזכר. 7

8 14. Responsa Chelkat Yaakov, Y D 150 R. Mordechai Ya akov Breisch ( ) Poland & Switzerland Even if we struggle and say that post-facto, the conversion is valid, we are only causing more harm (by allowing this conversion). They will only transgress the prohibition of Niddah, and we will be the cause for all the sins that she will sin. Her children will also [now] be Jewish and will certainly be completely unobservant and they will be liable [for their sins] for generations to come. In sum, if we sin and accept her for conversion despite the fact that it is for marriage, she will not merit. Rather, she and her children will be liable for eternity. What do we care if they will go to the Reform. A committed individual who wants to marry one of their offspring will certainly investigate the conversion, and when he finds out that it is Reform, he will not consider her Jewish. Whereas, if the conversion was done by an Orthodox rabbi [he will consider her Jewish] and the true boundaries will be blurred. 14. שו"ת חלקת יעקב יו"ד סימן קנ ואף אם נתעקש לומר דבדיעבד הוי גירות, א"כ מגרע גרע עוד טפי, יעברו שניהם באיסור נדה, וגם אנו הגורמים שתתחייב על כל העבירות שתעשה, וגם להנולדים דולד כמותה, כיון דבטח לא יקיימו שום מצוות, ואנו מגלגלים עליהם חובה לדורות עולם. קיצור הדבר אנו נעשה איסור לקבל לכתחילה לשם אישות, לא בשביל שיזכה חברך רק לגלגל עליהם חובה, להנכרית ולהנולדים לדורות עולם, ומה איכפת לן אם ילכו להריפורמים, מי שמחזיק בדת, כשירצה להתחתן עם צאצאיהם, ודאי יחקור אחר הגירות, וכשיודע שהיא מהריפורמים לא יחזיק אותה ליהודית, אחרת כשיודע שהגירות היתה אצל רב חרדי אדרבה אז יהי' טשטוש הגבולין האמתי. 8

What Does It Take to Become a Jew? - The Conversion Controversy in Modern Jewish Law Lesson 1

What Does It Take to Become a Jew? - The Conversion Controversy in Modern Jewish Law Lesson 1 What Does It Take to Become a Jew? - The Conversion Controversy in Modern Jewish Law Lesson 1 The essential ingredients for a successful conversion What are the basic legal requirements of a Halachic Jewish

More information

A JEW WALKS INTO A BAR: JEWISH IDENTITY IN NOT SUCH JEWISH PLACES

A JEW WALKS INTO A BAR: JEWISH IDENTITY IN NOT SUCH JEWISH PLACES A JEW WALKS INTO A BAR: JEWISH IDENTITY IN NOT SUCH JEWISH PLACES Sinning in Disguise Like people of all faiths, Jews sometimes do things or go to places they are not supposed to. This session is not about

More information

Name Page 1 of 5. דף ז. This week s bechina begins with the fifth wide line at the top of

Name Page 1 of 5. דף ז. This week s bechina begins with the fifth wide line at the top of Name Page 1 of 5 ***Place an X if Closed גמרא (if no indication, we ll assume Open חרה (גמרא of the :דף times Please email or fax your completed בחינה using the contact info above by Sunday, December 4,

More information

The Conversion Controversy in Modern Jewish Law Lesson 7. Saving Jewish Seed. Rabbi Mordechai Silverstein. The Conservative Yeshiva

The Conversion Controversy in Modern Jewish Law Lesson 7. Saving Jewish Seed. Rabbi Mordechai Silverstein. The Conservative Yeshiva The Conversion Controversy in Modern Jewish Law Lesson 7 Saving Jewish Seed Rabbi Mordechai Silverstein The Conservative Yeshiva Judaism has always had to contend with intermarriage between Jews and non-jews.

More information

SHABBAT UNPLUGGING & RECONNECTING

SHABBAT UNPLUGGING & RECONNECTING SHABBAT UNPLUGGING & RECONNECTING Setting the Stage The Senator and the Sabbath: Joe Lieberman on his Relationship With Sabbath It s Friday night, raining one of those torrential downpours that we get

More information

M A K I N G N E G A T I V E S P O S I T I V E

M A K I N G N E G A T I V E S P O S I T I V E M A K I N G N E G A T I V E S P O S I T I V E This session looks at a group of brachot and investigates why some are written in the negative form and only one is written in the positive. What is different

More information

Advisor Copy. Welcome the NCSYers to your session. Feel free to try a quick icebreaker to learn their names.

Advisor Copy. Welcome the NCSYers to your session. Feel free to try a quick icebreaker to learn their names. Advisor Copy Before we begin, I would like to highlight a few points: Goal: 1. It is VERY IMPORTANT for you as an educator to put your effort in and prepare this session well. If you don t prepare, it

More information

A R E Y O U R E A L L Y A W A K E?

A R E Y O U R E A L L Y A W A K E? A R E Y O U R E A L L Y A W A K E? ב ר ו ך א ת ה י י א לה ינ ו מ ל ך ה עו ל ם, ה מ ע ב יר ש נ ה מ ע ינ י ות נ ומ ה מ ע פ ע פ י Blessed are You, Hashem our God, King of the Universe, who removes sleep from

More information

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF YOUNG ISRAEL. Shavuot Nation JEWISH EDITION. Compiled by Gabi Weinberg Teen Program Director

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF YOUNG ISRAEL. Shavuot Nation JEWISH EDITION. Compiled by Gabi Weinberg Teen Program Director NATIONAL COUNCIL OF YOUNG ISRAEL Shavuot Nation JEWISH EDITION Compiled by Gabi Weinberg Teen Program Director Just Dress? Or is Tzniut something more? By Jacob and Penina Bernstein, Youth Directors at

More information

TZITZIT. Text 1 SECTION 1 - TALMUDIC BACKGROUND. The theme of the mitzvah of tzitzit, its psychological effect on our behavior, and its reward.

TZITZIT. Text 1 SECTION 1 - TALMUDIC BACKGROUND. The theme of the mitzvah of tzitzit, its psychological effect on our behavior, and its reward. TOPIC 2» Clothes shape the way others perceive us, and the way we feel about ourselves. What message does wearing tzitzit give off, and how does it make you feel when you wear them?» What is techelet?»

More information

The Benefits of Being Stiff-Necked. Rabbi Noah Gradofsky

The Benefits of Being Stiff-Necked. Rabbi Noah Gradofsky The Benefits of Being Stiff-Necked (sermon) for Second Day of Rosh Hashanah 5779/2018 דבר תורה Rabbi Noah Gradofsky Grey material omitted from spoken presentation. otherwise noted. All translations my

More information

Dear Rabbi Fox, What do you recommend in this difficult situation?

Dear Rabbi Fox, What do you recommend in this difficult situation? Dear Rabbi Fox, We want to ask a question that has emerged after extensive discussions with the men and women in our conversion course. We told the female converts that another woman would observe her

More information

SEEDS OF GREATNESS MINING THROUGH THE STORY OF MOSHE S CHILDHOOD

SEEDS OF GREATNESS MINING THROUGH THE STORY OF MOSHE S CHILDHOOD Anatomy ofa l eader: them oshestory SEEDS OF GREATNESS MINING THROUGH THE STORY OF MOSHE S CHILDHOOD FOR LESSONS IN LEADERSHIP ש מ ות EXODUS CHAPTER 2 א ו י ל ך א י ש, מ ב ית ל ו י; ו י ק ח, א ת-ב ת-ל

More information

Bereshit / Exodus 18:1-20:23, Isaiah 6:1-7:6, 9:5-6, Matthew 6:1-8:1. Parashat Yitro

Bereshit / Exodus 18:1-20:23, Isaiah 6:1-7:6, 9:5-6, Matthew 6:1-8:1. Parashat Yitro Bereshit / Exodus 18:1-20:23, Isaiah 6:1-7:6, 9:5-6, Matthew 6:1-8:1 Hearing from God Parashat Yitro This weeks reading is from Parashat Yitro (Shemot / Exodus 18:1-20:23), the Scriptures tell us Yitro

More information

THINKING ABOUT REST THE ORIGIN OF SHABBOS

THINKING ABOUT REST THE ORIGIN OF SHABBOS Exploring SHABBOS SHABBOS REST AND RETURN Shabbos has a multitude of components which provide meaning and purpose to our lives. We will try to figure out the goal of Shabbos, how to connect to it, and

More information

SOURCE BOOK. The Holiday Series is an initiative of Partners Detroit Compiled by Rabbi Chaim Fink

SOURCE BOOK. The Holiday Series is an initiative of Partners Detroit Compiled by Rabbi Chaim Fink SOURCE BOOK The Holiday Series is an initiative of Partners Detroit Compiled by Rabbi Chaim Fink SHAVUOS There is something unique about the holiday of Shavuos. For all other Jewish holidays, the Torah

More information

is the Image of Elohim (and not-adam is the Image of elohim acherim) The Zohar on Anger and the Image of God

is the Image of Elohim (and not-adam is the Image of elohim acherim) The Zohar on Anger and the Image of God Zohar II Tetsaveh 182a א ד "ם is the Image of Elohim (and not-adam is the Image of elohim acherim) The Zohar on Anger and the Image of God We'll begin exploring the Zohar through learning some of the Rabbinic

More information

Being a Man of Faith

Being a Man of Faith Bereshit / Genesis 23:1-25:18, 1 Kings 1:1-31 Matthew 2:1-23 Parashat Chayei Sarah Being a Man of Faith Parashat Chayei Sarah In this week s reading from Parashat Chayei Sarah (Shemot / Genesis 23:1-25:18)

More information

Relationships: Everything Else is Commentary

Relationships: Everything Else is Commentary Relationships: Everything Else is Commentary Tjj Bus 5 Shabbat Relationships July 22nd, 2017 Source 1 Source 3 Source 2 ויקרא י ט:י ח יח) ל א ת קּ ם ו ל א ת טּ ר א ת בּ נ י ע מּ ו א ה ב תּ ל ר ע כּ מ וֹ א נ י

More information

Daniel 10:21 21 No one is helping me against them except your prince, Michael. However, I will tell you what is recorded in the book of truth.

Daniel 10:21 21 No one is helping me against them except your prince, Michael. However, I will tell you what is recorded in the book of truth. Background Texts: THE MANY ROLES OF RABBINIC LEADERSHIP Deuteronomy 25:5 10 כּ י י שׁ בוּ א ח ים י ח דּ ו וּמ ת א ח ד מ ה ם וּב ן א ין לוֹ ל א ת ה י ה א שׁ ת ה מּ ת ה חוּצ ה ל א ישׁ ז ר י ב מ הּ י ב א ע ל יה וּל ק

More information

***Place an X if Closed גמרא (if no indication, we ll assume Open חזרה (גמרא of the :דף times

***Place an X if Closed גמרא (if no indication, we ll assume Open חזרה (גמרא of the :דף times Name Page 1 of 6 ***Place an X if Closed גמרא (if no indication, we ll assume Open חזרה (גמרא of the :דף times Please email or fax your completed בחינה using the contact info above by Tuesday, April 25,

More information

GETTING STARTED. "Yes, but reality is one thing and fantasy is completely a different thing," he responded.

GETTING STARTED. Yes, but reality is one thing and fantasy is completely a different thing, he responded. Isitthe Thatcounts? ACTIONS OR THOUGHTS? What matters more, our thoughts or our actions? Efforts or results? Intentions or conclusions? In this session we ll discuss Judaism s perspective on the question:

More information

BT Yevamoth and Immersion of a Convert

BT Yevamoth and Immersion of a Convert Compiled and Translated by Rabbi Noah Gradofsky The main goal of this document is to explore certain texts in Babylonian Talmud Yevamoth 45-47 with regards to two related questions - (a) whether and to

More information

Global Day of Jewish Learning

Global Day of Jewish Learning Global Day of Jewish Learning Curriculum Under the Same Sky: The Earth is Full of Your Creations www.theglobalday.org A Project of the Aleph Society Title facilitator s guide The Power of Planting: Appreciating

More information

ראש השנה דף. a) the עדים that come first are examined first. b) the גדול שבהן are examined first. Answer: a

ראש השנה דף. a) the עדים that come first are examined first. b) the גדול שבהן are examined first. Answer: a Name Email or Phone # (needed on 1 st page only) Page 1 of 5?בחינה times 1 st :דף of the חזרה (גמרא (if no indication, we ll assume Open גמרא Place an X if Closed.בל'נ marked, using the contact info above

More information

Name Page 1 of 5. ,דף ד: This week s bechina starts at the bottom of שיר של חול

Name Page 1 of 5. ,דף ד: This week s bechina starts at the bottom of שיר של חול Name Page 1 of 5 לימוד מסכת ביצ מוקדש לע''נ בחור יעקב יצחק ע'' ב''ר בנימין סענדראוויטש ***Place an X if Closed גמרא (if no indication, we ll assume Open חזר (גמרא of the :דף times.בל 'נ marked, using the

More information

Global Day of Jewish Learning

Global Day of Jewish Learning Global Day of Jewish Learning Curriculum Under the Same Sky: The Earth is Full of Your Creations www.theglobalday.org A Project of the Aleph Society Title facilitator s guide Planting for the Future Written

More information

Name Page 1 of 6. דף ט: This week s bechina starts at the two dots in the middle of

Name Page 1 of 6. דף ט: This week s bechina starts at the two dots in the middle of Name Page 1 of 6 ***Place an X if Closed גמרא (if no indication, we ll assume Open חזרה (גמרא of the :דף times.בל 'נ marked, using the contact info above by Sunday, December 25, 2016 and we ll send it

More information

Extraordinary Passages:

Extraordinary Passages: Extraordinary Passages: Texts and Travels Global Day of Jewish Learning: Curriculum www.theglobalday.org A Project of the Aleph Society Title facilitator s guide On A Journey With Jonah (Middle School)

More information

P R A Y I N G F O R T H E I M P O S S I B L E

P R A Y I N G F O R T H E I M P O S S I B L E P R A Y I N G F O R T H E I M P O S S I B L E What did you want to be when you were little? Has that changed? How would you define Impossible? Is there anything in this world that isn t possible? Have

More information

ראש השנה דף. a) the עדים that come first are examined first. b) the גדול שבהן are examined first.

ראש השנה דף. a) the עדים that come first are examined first. b) the גדול שבהן are examined first. Name Email or Phone # (needed on 1 st page only) Page 1 of 5?בחינה times 1 st :דף of the חזרה (גמרא (if no indication, we ll assume Open גמרא Place an X if Closed.בל'נ marked, using the contact info above

More information

Finding insights of love, dignity, and social commitment in the Torah s narrative and laws. Fast Forward. On the Status of Minor Fasts

Finding insights of love, dignity, and social commitment in the Torah s narrative and laws. Fast Forward. On the Status of Minor Fasts Torah Ve-Ahava ת ור ה ו א ה ב ה Finding insights of love, dignity, and social commitment in the Torah s narrative and laws Rabbi Haim Ovadia Page 1 Fast Forward On the Status of Minor Fasts In the Talmudic

More information

ב "ה. ABC s of Judaism. Fundamentals of Jewish Thought and Practice. June 2007 Tammuz 5767 Jewish Educational Institute Chabad Brisbane

ב ה. ABC s of Judaism. Fundamentals of Jewish Thought and Practice. June 2007 Tammuz 5767 Jewish Educational Institute Chabad Brisbane ב "ה ABC s of Judaism Fundamentals of Jewish Thought and Practice June 2007 Tammuz 5767 Jewish Educational Institute Chabad Brisbane ABC s of Judaism Fundamentals of Jewish Thought and Practice What we

More information

HALAKHAH AND SUBJECTIVELY COMPELLING JEWISH IDENTITY

HALAKHAH AND SUBJECTIVELY COMPELLING JEWISH IDENTITY HALAKHAH AND SUBJECTIVELY COMPELLING JEWISH IDENTITY The 2013 SBM Sheilah focused on a woman whose Jewishness comes into question as the result of a conversation with her daughter. It might reasonably

More information

FAIL CONFR URE ONTING

FAIL CONFR URE ONTING CONFRONTING FAILURE Setting the Stage Harry Potter Author Addresses Harvard Class of 2008 Ihave wracked my mind and heart for what I ought to say to you today. I have asked myself what I wish I had known

More information

Hebrew Adjectives. Hebrew Adjectives fall into 3 categories: Attributive Predicative Substantive

Hebrew Adjectives. Hebrew Adjectives fall into 3 categories: Attributive Predicative Substantive 1 Hebrew Adjectives fall into 3 categories: Attributive Predicative Substantive 2 Attributive Adjectives: Modify a noun; Agree in gender, number, and definiteness with the noun; Follow the noun they modify.

More information

Global Day of Jewish Learning

Global Day of Jewish Learning Global Day of Jewish Learning Curriculum Under the Same Sky: The Earth is Full of Your Creations www.theglobalday.org A Project of the Aleph Society Title facilitator s guide Loving the Trees (Elementary

More information

Reviewing Rabbinic Oversight: A Response to Rabbi Jeffrey Fox

Reviewing Rabbinic Oversight: A Response to Rabbi Jeffrey Fox Reviewing Rabbinic Oversight: A Response to Rabbi Jeffrey Fox 1. Introduction The recent publicized scandal involving a prominent Washington D.C. Rabbi hiding cameras in in the mikvah prompted a discussion

More information

Noach 5722 בראשית פרק ב

Noach 5722 בראשית פרק ב ד) כ) א) ב) ג) Noach 5722 Alef. בראשית פרק ז ) כ י ל י מ ים ע וד ש ב ע ה אנ כ י מ מ ט יר ע ל ה אר ץ אר ב ע ים י ום ו אר ב ע ים ל י ל ה ומ ח ית י א ת כ ל ה י ק ום א ש ר ע ש ית י מ ע ל פ נ י ה א ד מ ה: אי)

More information

כ"ג אלול תשע"ו - 26 ספטמבר, 2016 Skills Worksheet #2

כג אלול תשעו - 26 ספטמבר, 2016 Skills Worksheet #2 קריאה #1: Skill בראשית פרק כג #2 Chumash Skills Sheet Assignment: Each member of your חברותא should practice reading the פרק to each other. Make sure you are paying attention to each other, noticing and

More information

פרשת תזריע מצרע. הברית דרת תשובה The Covenant - Repentance Series. Bits of Torah Truths Parshiyot Tazria Metzora

פרשת תזריע מצרע. הברית דרת תשובה The Covenant - Repentance Series. Bits of Torah Truths   Parshiyot Tazria Metzora Bits of Torah Truths http://www.matsati.com הברית דרת תשובה The Covenant - Repentance Series פרשת תזריע מצרע Parshiyot Tazria Metzora Vayikra / Leviticus 12:1-15:33, 2 Kings 7:3-20 Mark 9:14-50/Luke 9:51-10:42

More information

A lot of the time when people think about Shabbat they focus very heavily on the things they CAN T do.

A lot of the time when people think about Shabbat they focus very heavily on the things they CAN T do. A lot of the time when people think about Shabbat they focus very heavily on the things they CAN T do. No cell phones. No driving. No shopping. No TV. It s not so easy to stop doing these things for a

More information

ראש השנה דף ח. ששה עשר בניסן ראש השנה לעומר, ששה בסיון ראש השנה לשתי that says ברייתא quotes a גמרא.1 Our. Name Page 1 of 8

ראש השנה דף ח. ששה עשר בניסן ראש השנה לעומר, ששה בסיון ראש השנה לשתי that says ברייתא quotes a גמרא.1 Our. Name Page 1 of 8 Name Page 1 of 8?בחינה times 1 st :דף of the חזרה (גמרא (if no indication, we ll assume Open גמרא Place an X if Closed.בל 'נ marked, using the contact info above by Monday, August 14, 2017 and we ll send

More information

Perek II Daf 19 Amud a

Perek II Daf 19 Amud a Perek II Daf 19 Amud a פרק ב דף יט.. 19a 112 sota. perek II. ד כ ת יב: ז את. ב ש נ י א נ ש ים ו ש נ י בוֹע ל ין ד כו ל י ע ל מ א ל א פ ל יג י ד ה א ש ה ש וֹת ה ו ש וֹנ ה, ד כ ת יב: ת וֹר ת. כ י פ ל יג י ב

More information

Interrogatives. Interrogative pronouns and adverbs are words that are used to introduce questions. They are not inflected for gender or number.

Interrogatives. Interrogative pronouns and adverbs are words that are used to introduce questions. They are not inflected for gender or number. 1 Interrogative pronouns and adverbs are words that are used to introduce questions. They are not inflected for gender or number. 2 As a result of their nature, interrogatives indicate direct speech. Because

More information

Translation Practice (Review) Adjectives Pronouns Pronominal suffixes Construct chains Bible memory passages

Translation Practice (Review) Adjectives Pronouns Pronominal suffixes Construct chains Bible memory passages Translation Practice (Review) Adjectives Pronouns Pronominal suffixes Construct chains Bible memory passages Review Adjectives Identify and Translate (1/2).1 סּ פ ר ה טּ ב ה.2 ה סּ פ ר ט ב.3 סּ פ ר ט ב ה.4

More information

WHAT ATHEISM HAS LEARNED FROM RELIGION

WHAT ATHEISM HAS LEARNED FROM RELIGION WHAT ATHEISM HAS LEARNED FROM RELIGION Setting the Stage Atheism 2.0 by Alain de Botton I don t think we have to make that choice. I think there is an alternative. I think there are ways of stealing from

More information

Which Way Did They Go?

Which Way Did They Go? Direction Sheet: Leader Participants will chart the route that the Israelites took on their journey out of Egypt. There are two sets of directions available. The travelogue given in Shemot (Exodus) gives

More information

Name Page 1 of 7. This week s bechina starts on 26b, 29 lines from the bottom and ends at the end of 27b.

Name Page 1 of 7. This week s bechina starts on 26b, 29 lines from the bottom and ends at the end of 27b. Name Page 1 of 7 ***Place an X if Closed גמרא (if no indication, we ll assume Open חזרה (גמרא of the :דף times Please email or fax your completed בחינה using the contact info above by Sunday, April 30,

More information

JUDAISM AND INDIVIDUALITY

JUDAISM AND INDIVIDUALITY JUDAISM AND INDIVIDUALITY Setting the Stage Self Reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson There is a time in every man s education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide;

More information

Is there such a thing as a little Hatred?

Is there such a thing as a little Hatred? פרשת וישב Parashat Vayeshev Bereshit / Genesis 37:1-40:23, Amos 2:6-3:8, John 2:13-4:42 Is there such a thing as a little Hatred? In this week s reading we see at the opening of the Torah portion the following,

More information

st. louis, mo november 20-22

st. louis, mo november 20-22 junior ncsy fall convention st. louis, mo november 20-22 Source 1 בראשית ל א:ל ו -מ ב לו) ו יּ ח ר ל י ע ק ב ו יּ ר ב בּ ל ב ן ו יּ ע ן י ע ק ב ו יּ אמ ר ל ל ב ן מ ה פּ שׁ ע י מ ה ח טּ את י כּ י ד ל ק תּ א ח ר י...

More information

Is Forgiveness Possible? Kol Nidrei 5768 (2007) R. Yonatan Cohen, Congregation Beth Israel

Is Forgiveness Possible? Kol Nidrei 5768 (2007) R. Yonatan Cohen, Congregation Beth Israel Is Forgiveness Possible? Kol Nidrei 5768 (2007) R. Yonatan Cohen, Congregation Beth Israel A number of years ago I worked as a chaplain at an elderly home in Harlem. One morning I noticed a man in his

More information

Revisionist History: 4 Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary The Benjamin and Rose Berger CJF Torah To-Go Series Av 5774

Revisionist History: 4 Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary The Benjamin and Rose Berger CJF Torah To-Go Series Av 5774 Revisionist History: Was there one exile or two? Rabbi Etan Moshe Berman Rebbe, Stone Beit Midrash Program, Yeshiva University Rabbi, Cong. Bais Alter Chaim Tzvi, Pomona, NY Both of our Holy Temples were

More information

eriktology The Writings Book of Ecclesiastes [1]

eriktology The Writings Book of Ecclesiastes [1] eriktology The Writings Book of Ecclesiastes [1] [2] FOREWORD It should be noted when using this workbook, that we ( Eric, Lee, James, and a host of enthusiastic encouragers ) are not making a statement

More information

T O O T I R E D T O T R Y?

T O O T I R E D T O T R Y? TooTiredtoTry? T O O T I R E D T O T R Y? ב ר ו ך א ת ה י י א לה ינ ו מ ל ך ה עו ל ם, ה נו ת ן ל י ע ף כ ח Blessed are you Hashem our God King of the Universe, who gives strength to the weary The Cure

More information

1. What is Jewish Learning?

1. What is Jewish Learning? 1. PURPOSES Lesson 1: TEXTS Text 1 Babylonian Talmud, Berakhot 61b [Midrash Compilation of teachings of 3-6 th century scholars in Babylonia (Amoraim); final redaction in the 6-7 th centuries] Our Rabbis

More information

A Hebrew Manuscript of the Book of Revelation British Library, MS Sloane 273. Transcribed and Translated by Nehemia Gordon

A Hebrew Manuscript of the Book of Revelation British Library, MS Sloane 273. Transcribed and Translated by Nehemia Gordon A Hebrew Manuscript of the Book of Revelation British Library, MS Sloane 273 Transcribed and Translated by Nehemia Gordon www.nehemiaswall.com [1r] 1 [1v] The Holy Revelation of Yochanan God speaking the

More information

Forgive us, pardon us, grant us atonement Parashat Shelach Lecha June 9, 2018 Rabbi Carl M. Perkins Temple Aliyah, Needham

Forgive us, pardon us, grant us atonement Parashat Shelach Lecha June 9, 2018 Rabbi Carl M. Perkins Temple Aliyah, Needham Forgive us, pardon us, grant us atonement Parashat Shelach Lecha June 9, 2018 Rabbi Carl M. Perkins Temple Aliyah, Needham There s a piyyut, a liturgical poem, in the Yom Kippur liturgy that I am sure

More information

APPROACHING MOSHIACH

APPROACHING MOSHIACH APPROACHING MOSHIACH By Rabbi Pinchas Taylor LESSON 3 GLOSSARY PROFILE A brief biographical account of the author noted in the body text EXORDIUM A brief characterization of the noted book TEXT 1 The 63

More information

Jacob and the Blessings

Jacob and the Blessings READING HEBREW Jacob and the Blessings IN THIS LECTURE: 1. Reading from the Torah 2. Reading from the Siddur 3. Reading from the Dead Sea Scrolls Words of the Week Look for these words while reading year.

More information

M e o r o t. Does Maimonides Require Acceptance of Commandments for Conversion? A Forum of Modern Orthodox Discourse

M e o r o t. Does Maimonides Require Acceptance of Commandments for Conversion? A Forum of Modern Orthodox Discourse M e o r o t A Forum of Modern Orthodox Discourse Does Maimonides Require Acceptance of Commandments for Conversion? Joshua E. Broyde & Michael J. Broyde Biographies: Joshua E. Broyde is a senior at Yeshiva

More information

WHERE TO GIVE Tzedakah Learning Pod Session 5 April/May 2011

WHERE TO GIVE Tzedakah Learning Pod Session 5 April/May 2011 We hope this HEKDESH resource is helpful in your work. If you have any questions, please see our website, or email hekdesh@gmail.com WHERE TO GIVE Tzedakah Learning Pod Session 5 April/May 2011 OPENING

More information

T H E S U N F L O W E R L I M I T S T O F O R G I V E N E S S

T H E S U N F L O W E R L I M I T S T O F O R G I V E N E S S T H E S U N F L O W E R L I M I T S T O F O R G I V E N E S S Time needed Age range Background of teen Set up 30 mins Any teen Any background Classroom style Goals: The Jewish approach to forgiveness,

More information

כנס את תבואתו - He harvested the produce of his grapevine

כנס את תבואתו - He harvested the produce of his grapevine He harvested the produce of his grapevine כנס את תבואתו - Overview The משנה states that in a שדה האילן it is possible to make a חזקה with just three harvests; namely, grapes, olives and figs (in that order).

More information

Learning vs. Earning

Learning vs. Earning Learning vs. Earning The Mishnah in Masechet Avot makes two apparently contradictory פת במלח תאכל, ומים במשורה תשתה, ועל statements. On the one hand, it says 1 הארץ However, the Mishnah also says תישן,

More information

ראוהו בית דין וכל ישראל נחקרו העדים ולא הספיקו לומר מקודש עד שחשיכה הרי זה מעובר says, משנה.1 Our

ראוהו בית דין וכל ישראל נחקרו העדים ולא הספיקו לומר מקודש עד שחשיכה הרי זה מעובר says, משנה.1 Our Name Email or Phone # (needed on 1 st page only) Page 1 of 6?בחינה times 1 st :דף of the חזרה (גמרא (if no indication, we ll assume Open גמרא Place an X if Closed.בל'נ marked, using the contact info above

More information

BEING A GOOD SAMARITAN A JEWISH PERSPECTIVE

BEING A GOOD SAMARITAN A JEWISH PERSPECTIVE BEING A GOOD SAMARITAN A JEWISH PERSPECTIVE Setting the Stage Revisiting the murder of Kitty Genovese by Martin Gansberg, March 27, 1964 For more than half an hour 38 respectable, law-abiding citizens

More information

Perek V Daf 31 Amud a

Perek V Daf 31 Amud a Perek V Daf 31 Amud a ב מ ק ה לוֹת ב ר כו א ל ה ים ה' מ מ קוֹר י ש ר א ל. ו ה א ל א ח זו! א מ ר ר ב י ת נ חו ם: כ ר ס נ ע ש ה ל ה ן כ א ס פ ק ל ר י א ה מ א יר ה, ו ר או. ב וֹ ב יּוֹם ד ר ש ר ב י י הוֹש ע ב ן

More information

The s תורה Guide to Answering the Question: What Do You Want to be When you Grow Up?

The s תורה Guide to Answering the Question: What Do You Want to be When you Grow Up? The s תורה Guide to Answering the Question: Sarah Weinerman In ancient days, Jews were forced to choose from a limited number of professions. Our forefathers were shepherds and farmers because those were

More information

רש"י: {ח }ויכר יוסף וגו'. לפי שהניחם חתומי זקן )ב"מ לט: כתובות כז:

רשי: {ח }ויכר יוסף וגו'. לפי שהניחם חתומי זקן )במ לט: כתובות כז: בראשית מב ז-ח: ז ו י ר א יו ס ף א ת- א ח יו, ו י כ ר ם; ו י ת נ כ ר א ל יה ם ו י ד ב ר א ת ם ק ש ו ת, ו י אמ ר א ל ה ם מ א י ן ב את ם, ו י אמ רו, מ א ר ץ כ נ ע ן ל ש ב ר -א כ ל.ח ו י כ ר יו ס ף, א ת-א

More information

כריתות וחייבי מיתות בית דין, סוף סוף אבוה - אבוה נינהו, ואמיה - אמיה נינהו!? אלא: "איננו שמע בקלנו" - מדקול בעינן שוין, מראה וקומה נמי בעינן שוין.

כריתות וחייבי מיתות בית דין, סוף סוף אבוה - אבוה נינהו, ואמיה - אמיה נינהו!? אלא: איננו שמע בקלנו - מדקול בעינן שוין, מראה וקומה נמי בעינן שוין. תלמוד בבלי מסכת סנהדרין דף עא עמוד א משנה. היה אביו רוצה ואמו אינה רוצה, אביו אינו רוצה ואמו רוצה - אינו נעשה בן סורר ומורה, עד שיהו שניהם רוצין. רבי יהודה אומר: אם לא היתה אמו ראויה לאביו - אינו נעשה

More information

eriktology Torah Workbook Bereshiyt / Genesis [1]

eriktology Torah Workbook Bereshiyt / Genesis [1] eriktology Torah Workbook Bereshiyt / Genesis [1] [2] [3] FOREWORD It should be noted when using this workbook, that we ( Eric, Lee, James, and a host of enthusiastic encouragers ) are not making a statement

More information

Humanity s Downfall and Curses

Humanity s Downfall and Curses READING HEBREW Humanity s Downfall and Curses IN THIS LECTURE: 1. Reading from the Torah 2. Reading from the Siddur 3. Reading from the Dead Sea Scrolls Words of the Week Look for these words while reading

More information

A-level BIBLICAL HEBREW

A-level BIBLICAL HEBREW SPECIMEN MATERIAL A-level BIBLICAL HEBREW Paper 1 Translation, Comprehension and Composition Specimen Morning Time allowed: 3 hours Materials For this paper you must have: Source booklet and answer book.

More information

Teaching Halakha and Respecting Student Autonomy Source Sheet Rahel Berkovits

Teaching Halakha and Respecting Student Autonomy Source Sheet Rahel Berkovits Teaching Halakha and Respecting Student Autonomy Source Sheet Rahel Berkovits I. Halakha Puts People Off 1) Rina: I was put in touch with a mentor before I got here if I had any questions, who was a student

More information

Before exploring some of the relevant Torah sources, two things to consider:

Before exploring some of the relevant Torah sources, two things to consider: For many Americans, the reaction to the Supreme Court s legalization of same-sex marriage was simple. For the 26 million people changed their facebook profile to a rainbow flag, pure joy and celebration.

More information

This text study responds to the Poor People s Campaign s sixth theme, A New and

This text study responds to the Poor People s Campaign s sixth theme, A New and 266 West 37th Street, Suite 803 New York, NY 10018 212-845-5201 www.truah.org @truahrabbis www.facebook.com/truahrabbis COVENANTAL ACTIVISM Dr. Yonatan Y. Brafman and Rabbi Stephanie Ruskay Jewish Theological

More information

Social Action and Responsibility Unit Student Worksheet 1

Social Action and Responsibility Unit Student Worksheet 1 Source 1 Mishnah Avot 1:13 Hillel taught: If I am not for myself, who will be for me? If I am only for myself, what am I? If not now, when? הוּא (ה לּ ל ( ה י ה אוֹמ ר : א ם א ין א נ י ל י מ י ל י, וּכ שׁ א

More information

Seek Peace and Pursue it : Becoming Peace Builders in our Communities RRC, January 11, 2015, Daniel Roth

Seek Peace and Pursue it : Becoming Peace Builders in our Communities RRC, January 11, 2015, Daniel Roth Seek Peace and Pursue it : Becoming Peace Builders in our Communities RRC, January 11, 2015, Daniel Roth Introducing the Rodef Shalom (Pursuer of Peace): Study the following Mishnah (3 rd Century CE, Land

More information

Esther in Art and Text: A Role Reversal Dr. Erica Brown. Chapter Six:

Esther in Art and Text: A Role Reversal Dr. Erica Brown. Chapter Six: Esther in Art and Text: A Role Reversal Dr. Erica Brown Chapter Six: ב ל י ל ה ה ה וא, נ ד ד ה ש נ ת ה מ ל ך; ו י אמ ר, ל ה ב יא א ת- ס פ ר ה ז כ ר נ ות ד ב ר י ה י מ ים, ו י ה י ו נ ק ר א ים, ל פ נ י

More information

MENSTRUAL IMPURITY. Nidah and Zavah by Nehemia Gordon Copyright 2004 by Nehemia Gordon, All Rights Reserved.

MENSTRUAL IMPURITY. Nidah and Zavah by Nehemia Gordon  Copyright 2004 by Nehemia Gordon, All Rights Reserved. ה( ט( MENSTRUAL IMPURITY Nidah and Zavah by Nehemia Gordon http://www.karaites.info/ Copyright 2004 by Nehemia Gordon, All Rights Reserved. Prohibitions Related to Nidah And to a women in the impurity

More information

ביצה דף לז. ***Place an X if Closed גמרא (if no indication, we ll assume Open חזרה (גמרא of the :דף times ?לא מטפחין ולא מספקין ולא מרקדין (D

ביצה דף לז. ***Place an X if Closed גמרא (if no indication, we ll assume Open חזרה (גמרא of the :דף times ?לא מטפחין ולא מספקין ולא מרקדין (D Name Page 1 of 5 ***Place an X if Closed גמרא (if no indication, we ll assume Open חזרה (גמרא of the :דף times Please email or fax your completed בחינה using the contact info above by Tuesday, July 4,

More information

ראש השנה דף. 1. A) Our משנה says,... שנראה בעליל בין שלא נראה בעליל.בין Based on this,פסוק what does the word עליל mean?

ראש השנה דף. 1. A) Our משנה says,... שנראה בעליל בין שלא נראה בעליל.בין Based on this,פסוק what does the word עליל mean? Name Email or Phone # (needed on 1 st page only) Page 1 of 5?בחינה times 1 st :דף of the חזרה (גמרא (if no indication, we ll assume Open גמרא Place an X if Closed.בל'נ marked, using the contact info above

More information

Parshat Yitro tells of the climactic moment when Israel stood at the foot of Mount Sinai and received the Torah from

Parshat Yitro tells of the climactic moment when Israel stood at the foot of Mount Sinai and received the Torah from YITRO Welcome to the Aleph Beta Study Guide on Parsha Yitro! The Marriage of God and Israel Parshat Yitro tells of the climactic moment when Israel stood at the foot of Mount Sinai and received the Torah

More information

שבות תחום מצוות עשה שזמן גרמא סמיכה תקיעה, שברים, תרועה. The אי ור of performing any מלאכה on Rosh HaShanah שופר in preparation of the

שבות תחום מצוות עשה שזמן גרמא סמיכה תקיעה, שברים, תרועה. The אי ור of performing any מלאכה on Rosh HaShanah שופר in preparation of the A B C בס"ד Intro מסכת ראש השנה of דף לג learn בע"ה Today we will Some of the topics we will learn about today include: A discussion regarding the איסור of performing any forbidden for Rosh שופר on Yom

More information

Extraordinary Passages:

Extraordinary Passages: Extraordinary Passages: Texts and Travels Global Day of Jewish Learning: Curriculum www.theglobalday.org A Project of the Aleph Society Title facilitator s guide Jonah: A Story of Many Journeys Adapted

More information

שלום SHALOM. Do you have peace with G-d? יש לך שלום עם אלוהים? First Fact. Second Fact

שלום SHALOM. Do you have peace with G-d? יש לך שלום עם אלוהים? First Fact. Second Fact שלום האם יש לך שלום עם אלוהים? SHALOM Do you have peace with G-d? The following four facts explain how it is possible to know the G-d of Avraham, Yitzchak, and Ya acov. G-d Himself has provided the way

More information

For the Love of Money

For the Love of Money Ohr Fellowships For the Love of Money צוואה בטעות Mr. Goldberg was diagnosed with Lou Gehrig s disease and was in really bad shape. He needed extensive help with even the smallest things. He asked his

More information

Parashat Balak. Sharon Rimon

Parashat Balak. Sharon Rimon Parashat Balak Sharon Rimon ~ 2 ~ An Angel of God With Its Sword Drawn Why does God agree to Balaam s request to join Balak s ministers after previously forbidding it? Why does God become angry at Balaam

More information

Should One Recite a Beracha on the Recitation of Hallel on Yom Ha'Atzma'ut? Rabbi Josh Flug

Should One Recite a Beracha on the Recitation of Hallel on Yom Ha'Atzma'ut? Rabbi Josh Flug Should One Recite a Beracha on the Recitation of Hallel on Yom Ha'Atzma'ut? Rabbi Josh Flug Yom Ha'Atzma'ut is Israel s Independence Day. It is celebrated every year on the fifth day of Iyar, corresponding

More information

ANI HA MEHAPECH BE CHARARAH. Talmudic Intrigue in: Real Estate, Party Brownies, Dating and Dream Jobs

ANI HA MEHAPECH BE CHARARAH. Talmudic Intrigue in: Real Estate, Party Brownies, Dating and Dream Jobs 1 Thinking Gemara Series: What s Considered Fair Competition? ANI HA MEHAPECH BE CHARARAH Talmudic Intrigue in: Real Estate, Party Brownies, Dating and Dream Jobs We live in a world of finite resources,

More information

Untapped Potential Parshat Noach 5776 Rabbi Dovid Zirkind

Untapped Potential Parshat Noach 5776 Rabbi Dovid Zirkind Untapped Potential Parshat Noach 5776 Rabbi Dovid Zirkind I Charles Duhigg s 2012 work, The Power of Habit, has a chapter dedicated to the skills and confidence Starbucks instills in each of its nearly

More information

2.4 Human Relationships

2.4 Human Relationships 2.4 Human Relationships Overview What this booklet covers: o Jewish beliefs about human sexuality (gender) o Jewish teachings about love & relationships o Jewish teachings about the nature & importance

More information

Hebrew Ulpan HEB Young Judaea Year Course in Israel American Jewish University College Initiative

Hebrew Ulpan HEB Young Judaea Year Course in Israel American Jewish University College Initiative Hebrew Ulpan HEB 011-031 Young Judaea Year Course in Israel American Jewish University College Initiative Course Description Hebrew is not only the Sacred Language of the Jewish people, but it is also

More information

תורשכ ירפס לכ ץבוק " ב י קלח יללכ רעש

תורשכ ירפס לכ ץבוק  ב י קלח יללכ רעש בס"ד קובץ כל ספרי כשרות י"ב חלק שער כללי הו"ל בחמלת ה' עלי בזכות אבותי ורבותי הקדושים זי"ע הק' שלום יהודה גראס, אבדק"ק האלמין יצ "ו חלק י "ב 4 ספרים ספר א': הפקעת שערים חלק א': קול קורא'ס שיצאו לאור נגד

More information

HAGAR. Hidden Women in the Bible -- Cantor Arik Wollheim

HAGAR. Hidden Women in the Bible -- Cantor Arik Wollheim Hidden Women in the Bible -- Cantor Arik Wollheim HAGAR בס"ד 1. בראשית ט"ז א ו ש ר י א ש ת אב ר ם, לא י ל ד ה ל ו; ו ל ה ש פ ח ה מ צ ר ית, וש מ ה ה ג ר. ב ו ת אמ ר ש ר י א ל- אב ר ם, ה נ ה-נ א ע צ ר נ

More information

Elijah Opened. Commentary by: Zion Nefesh

Elijah Opened. Commentary by: Zion Nefesh Elijah Opened Commentary by: Zion Nefesh Elijah opened and said Master of the worlds, you are one and never to be counted (because there are no more like you), you are supernal of all supernal, concealed

More information

Which One is Greater?

Which One is Greater? - אדם למקום and אדם לחברו Which One is Greater? אדם relationships: The Torah addresses two different types of history, and Jewish תנ "ך However, throughout. אדם לחברו and למקום there often appears to be

More information

WAR FROM A JEWISH PERSPECTIVE

WAR FROM A JEWISH PERSPECTIVE WAR FROM A JEWISH PERSPECTIVE Setting the Stage Former British Armed Forces Commander Speaks About the IDF Following a lengthy period during which Hamas bombarded southern Israel unopposed, Israel finally

More information